This was a test with a new bulb - something similar to a Tesla Brush-style bulb. It has an outer bulb and a smaller inner bulb. The inner section contains a tube that runs all the way down the neck toward the bottom, where there’s a copper coating. That coating makes it easier to connect the neutral line instead of wrapping foil around the glass.
The small bulb in the center actually contains gas, but it wasn’t illuminating. The assumption was that there might not have been enough power reaching deep enough into the bulb to activate it.
What made the experiment fascinating was the outer bulb. It was glowing brightly even though it contained no gas at all. The chamber was under an extremely hard vacuum - around 6.6 × 10^-7 microns - essentially an ultra-high vacuum. And yet it still glowed. That was the baffling part.
According to the researchers, the inner bulb should have glowed the same way as the outer shell, but for some reason it didn’t. Another bulb was brought in for comparison. This second bulb had gas inside the outer chamber, unlike the first one. Oddly enough, the bulb with no gas produced a yellow glow, while the gas-filled one behaved completely differently.
One of the bulbs had previously produced a strange flame-like effect wrapping around the inside of the glass. The effect started small, then gradually became larger and larger. That made the color differences even stranger: one vacuum bulb glowed yellow, while another vacuum bulb appeared purple-blue.
At that point, one of them mentioned wanting to take the bulb home, open it up, and pull an even harder vacuum on the outer chamber to see whether it would behave the same way as the earlier bulb. They also planned to coat the glass with copper to create a stronger electrical connection.
They then moved on to another test bulb.
This next bulb had the same ultra-high vacuum in the outer jacket as the previous one. All of the bulbs had been pumped down at the same time. Inside the smaller bulb was a nitrogen-hydrogen mixture at roughly 10.1 millimeters mercury backfill - about 94% nitrogen and 6% hydrogen.
The inner bulb itself was physically larger than the one used in the first experiment.
Even though the outer vacuum conditions were nearly identical, the colors produced were completely different. The glow would appear faintly, then suddenly shift into another state, making the tuning process difficult and unpredictable.
Someone recalled that one of the earlier bulbs would briefly light up and immediately blink out, almost like the discharge from a camera flash capacitor. It felt as though the system was slowly charging itself.
As the experiment continued, the glow gradually built up. Tesla himself had reportedly said that some bulbs could take up to two weeks of conditioning before certain rotating effects would appear.
Then the strange phenomena became even more dramatic.
A glowing center formed that one of them jokingly called “the Eye of Sauron.” Around it, rotating bead-like patterns appeared, moving at roughly ninety degrees relative to the previous motion. The assumption was that the small inner bulb had slightly higher internal pressure.
The rotating beads became clearly visible. Meanwhile, the outer glow - which had previously been blue - shifted into yellow.
Looking closely, they noticed what appeared to be two halo-like rings overlapping each other. The yellow-green glow was localized on only one side of the bulb instead of surrounding the entire surface.
Eventually the rotating beads disappeared, while the flame-like structure began oscillating around the stem of the bulb. Someone jokingly added music in the background while observing the flickering.
What stood out most was that the light was flickering on its own without any direct adjustment. When the bulb was pulled away, the blue coloration inside vanished completely.
By the end, they described the entire phenomenon as almost looking like an optical illusion - something about the glow made the object appear strangely flat and unreal.
At one point they noticed a blue ring appearing inside the bulb. Both observers could see it clearly. It almost looked like a reflection from ionization, yet somehow it seemed connected to the strange yellow flame forming inside.
What made it even stranger was that the flame wasn’t evenly distributed. It stayed concentrated on one side of the bulb instead of spreading symmetrically. As they deliberately detuned the system, the glow began spreading through the entire bulb. But when the tuning was tightened again, the flame compressed back into a more localized form.
One of them described it metaphorically, saying it felt as though “the ether was stretched really tight.” In that tuned state the phenomenon remained stable, but when the tuning loosened slightly, the energy seemed to spread out and behave unpredictably, almost as if it “wanted to do its own thing.”
They pushed the system close to maximum power. Surprisingly, the bulb illuminated without even touching the neutral connection directly. Field strength was still strong around the sides, and even the backside showed illumination where it supposedly should not.
The flame itself had also changed color again. It now appeared more green than before. They wondered whether the center bulb would eventually return to the strange “eye” formation seen earlier, or whether the outer glow would simply continue growing brighter.
Someone recalled that during a previous test, the small inner tube started as a dark-centered shape resembling an eyeball. Over time it transformed into a larger yellow flame-like structure.
Even now, the glow had a peculiar shape. It wasn’t touching the glass evenly on the left and right sides. They still wanted to see the center bulb activate again because of the unusual vortex-like behavior it had displayed earlier.
What continued to puzzle them most was how any glow could exist at all inside such a hard vacuum. One bulb had produced a purple glow, another started blue and later turned yellow. And this yellow wasn’t the typical sodium flare color that glass usually produces under heat.
To test that idea, they discussed using didymium lenses - special filters used by glassblowers. These filters remove the bright sodium flare that normally obscures heated glass, allowing the actual glass structure to remain visible. If the yellow glow disappeared through the didymium filters, it would suggest the light came from sodium contamination. If not, then something else entirely was happening.
Meanwhile the bulb seemed to react to the music playing nearby. They joked that the glow was “going with the music,” especially during a Bach piece playing in the background.
Then they noticed another detail: around the inner bulb appeared a faint pinkish ring. It wrapped almost perfectly around the center structure and could even be seen from below. Slowly, the outer flame-like glow began enveloping the inner bulb.
Viewed from another angle, the structure resembled a flat disc or crust. One of them described it as looking like “a pure ether glow,” because according to them there was supposedly nothing inside the chamber except an ultra-high vacuum.
That led into speculation about “illumination of space itself” - the idea that the vacuum might contain some hidden energetic medium. One speaker called it “energy from the vacuum,” saying it looked like a purely ethereal light because there was “nothing else in there but ether.”
The pink glow remained difficult to explain. The inner bulb itself was no longer visibly glowing, yet the pink light still surrounded it. When they detuned the system again, the pink ring faded away. Someone suggested it might simply be reflections from the copper rings inside, though the effect continued fluctuating rhythmically with the music.
They then adjusted the apparatus further, separating components by roughly half an inch and slightly increasing the operating frequency. As they tuned higher, the observers became excited again when the center sphere started showing activity.
The inner structure produced strange rotating patterns once more - tiny spinning formations that looked almost like miniature vortices. One of them remarked they had never seen those “spinners” appear before.
As the frequency climbed higher, energy seemed to spread toward the backside of the bulb as well. They carefully adjusted the tuning to avoid losing the effect entirely.
Finally, they raised the apparatus even higher in frequency, noting that they were approaching the maximum operating range of the system.
We can get it, and we could probably pull a little bit more, but I’m not really seeing a different effect. I’m also wondering how hot the glass is getting now, too. Okay, so I’m going to turn this off.
This tube has the same geometry as the last one. The center ball is bigger, like the last one, and both of those are bigger than the first one. The outer tube also has a hard vacuum - yes, a hard vacuum on the outer tube. The inner tube is backfilled to 122 millimeters of mercury, so that’s considered relatively high pressure.
Well, it’s higher pressure than the other two bulbs. It’s not exactly considered high pressure overall - atmospheric pressure is roughly 700 millimeters of mercury, though it depends on the day. At this altitude it’s around 720 millimeters of mercury. So at 122 millimeters in the inner bulb, it’s still a considerable vacuum, but it’s a higher pressure than what we had in the other two bulbs.
Oh, here we go - the blue glow. Now what’s it going to do? It sounds like it’s going to transition to yellow and stay yellow from that point. It’s like something is happening there. It keeps concentrating into that ball again, almost like a tunnel. It’s a really pretty purple-blue color.
What are you going to do? Okay, let’s see. Maybe shrinking? Are we going to get this photoflash effect again? Hmm… ah, here it comes. There we go - bouncing around, jumping inside that inner bulb. Should I detune it a little bit? Let’s see. There’s a glow.
I’m not touching it, right? And remember, I did that on the inside bulb before, and then on one of the small tubes. Ah, that’s hard to describe - it’s like it jumps out. Oh, now it’s different. You’ve got something like a fog on the bottom, almost like a disc.
Yes, yeah, yeah. It comes through pretty well on the camera, but it’s definitely a horizontal disc. I’ve seen that before. And again, that outer bulb - we pumped all three of them at the same time. The outer jackets are all at the same hard vacuum, in the range of 10 to the minus seven. It’s only the inner tube that has a different backfill.
Oh, that’s weird - purplish. Do you see this? Yeah, the color just changed. It spreads out to the whole outer surface and then concentrates again into that flat shape. Then it goes back out to the outer surface. It’s definitely purplish.
Yep, yep. Now we’re back to white. Should we just let it do this for a little while? Yeah, let’s see how it behaves. Maybe it’ll decide to excite the center somehow.
Boom. And now it has that horizontal plane in it again. Then it goes back to this. It’s almost like a three-step sequence repeating itself. Why is it doing that?
Maybe that’s the “brush” Tesla was talking about. Oh - and yeah, it just flashed back out to purple again. One of the handheld tubes you made had that rotating effect. Were you there for the 20-to-1 Colorado Springs model?
No, but Eric brought one of your tubes up to it, and it was rotating like this. Was it near one of the coils? Yeah, the 20-to-1 scale model. I didn’t see that myself. I think that was in 2019.
Okay, let’s see. One of my tubes, I believe. Sally, that would’ve been last year then - not one of these, but one of the ones at the motorcycle setup.
Oh, oh, oh - oops. Okay, yeah. It might have been the one with the bluish gas in it. That would probably have been the one filled with argon at a higher pressure.
So that white shape there - Tesla would’ve called that a “brush.” Look at that horizontal blue layer.
Ah, it went away. Why? Because I was talking about you? I pointed my finger at you - is that why it disappeared? I’m still pretty hyped.
So, that potential’s… yeah, there we go again. Blue circle. Do you think your hand detunes it, maybe? Yeah, yep, there it is again. Here it comes. You’ve got it running at a little lower power than before. It’s almost like it’s incubating.
Hmm. There you go. It cycles - cycling between those three states. There’s that blue circle around the inside again. I’m going to play music in this mode. It’s odd that it points straight outward in one direction instead of circling all the way around the inside.
There you go. That is so weird. It’s doing it. It’s cycling faster now. Yeah, the music is affecting it too. And each state seems to have its own tuning - every phase is slightly out of tune with the others. That’s what makes it hard to tune properly, because as soon as it transitions, the tuning changes a little bit.
Right, yeah. Look at that - it’s definitely operating in three distinct modes. That is so strange.
When the whole thing fills up, that’s when it’s tuned properly? You’re watching the meter then?
Even with that hard vacuum, I’m still struggling to wrap my head around what exactly is lighting up inside there. What is that glow? I don’t know. There’s the disc again.
Okay, with it down here, let’s see if maybe that triggers the center rod somehow. It peaked right there - nope, lost it now.
That’s the one with gas in the outer bulb, and that one doesn’t. But if you hold the tail up in there, you start getting some color. Yeah, there it is - it’s starting to yellow and grow. Of course, that one is always going to show color because I believe I used the same nitrogen-hydrogen gas mix in those.
That’s pretty much peaked. So weird.
You can hear the transformers in the tubes humming. The tuning changes completely when you move it back toward the center. Yeah, it really doesn’t like being out here very much.
And this center tube hasn’t lit up the way that last one did. Huh. There’s a purple tinge now. Yeah, something is glowing from somewhere, and there’s a blue arc at the bottom. The tube itself almost seems to glow.
I see that. You see that? I’m sure the camera catches it too. The glass itself has kind of a purple glow now.
I really want to see that ball light up.
Do we know what the peak voltage and frequency are, or are we mostly guessing? Oh look - it’s sitting right on the border between those two spots where it likes to stabilize, either at the bottom or the top. Yeah, it’s right on the edge because I detuned it slightly, so it’s not quite as intense. It’s stretching.
Oh, we’re back to those shifting transitions again. There we go. Now let me play some music into it. That is odd.
When it jumps up to the top, we’re getting a blue reflection on the ends of the glass closest to the coils. Now the blue glow went away, but the purple on the inner bulb is still there.
Now if we go the other direction, to the point where everything drops out, suddenly that center ball lights up purple. It almost reminds me of electrostatics - like Earnshaw’s theorem with magnets. You can’t get a perfectly stable equilibrium point; the magnet always wants to snap to one side or the other.
You get that point where it can’t decide where it wants to go. Yeah, it’s definitely indecisive there. But again, the shape is almost like a fan. From the side it looks like a flat disc.
Yeah, exactly. But from this angle, it almost looks like a candle flame. And that’s interesting, because in some of Tesla’s drawings he actually sketched the light almost like a candle flame.
Yeah, yeah. I think we’re close. I’m just not sure whether it’s a matter of voltage, current, fill pressure, or something else entirely. But we definitely have something happening here that I’m having a hard time understanding.
And we still have a pretty strong field on the back side of the coils. Now this thing is lime green.
Hmm. And that’s only in the front. From there back, nothing is glowing at all. Yeah, see? There’s your fill pressure, fill gas. Grab the other one. Look at that - that shouldn’t be happening either.
No. A little RF, maybe? Yeah, maybe. So we should be getting… there we go.
But there’s no gas in the outer section. No, none at all. So why are we getting any color out there? Next time I come down, I’ll bring my tester coil and plug it in. I’ll show you - there shouldn’t be any gas-color glow out there at all. It’s just strange. I don’t get it.
Yeah, it really does look like a flattened candle flame, compressed together.
Still running cool, too. Not like the first ball. You can actually put your fingers on it. Interesting. Still warm, but barely.
Oh geez, that’s nothing.
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